Hispanic individuals received an estimated 33% (95% UI, 26%-37% P < .001) less spending per person on ambulatory care than the all-population mean. Black (non-Hispanic) individuals received an estimated 26% (95% UI, 19%-32% P < .001) less spending than the all-population mean on ambulatory care but received 19% (95% UI, 3%-32% P = .02) more on inpatient and 12% (95% UI, 4%-24% P = .04) more on emergency department care. After adjusting for population size and age, White individuals received an estimated 15% (95% UI, 13%-17% P < .001) more spending on ambulatory care than the all-population mean. The estimated age-standardized total health care spending per person in 2016 was $7649 (95% UI, $6129-$8814) for American Indian and Alaska Native (non-Hispanic) individuals $4692 (95% UI, $4068-$5202) for Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic) individuals $7361 (95% UI, $6917-$7797) for Black (non-Hispanic) individuals $6025 (95% UI, $5703-$6373) for Hispanic individuals $9276 (95% UI, $8066-$10 601) for individuals categorized as multiple races (non-Hispanic) and $8141 (95% UI, $8038-$8258) for White (non-Hispanic) individuals, who accounted for an estimated 72% (95% UI, 71%-73%) of health care spending. Results In 2016, an estimated $2.4 trillion (95% uncertainty interval, $2.4 trillion-$2.4 trillion) was spent on health care across the 6 types of care included in this study. Differences in health care spending across race and ethnicity groups were decomposed into differences in utilization rate vs differences in price and intensity of care. Health care spending per notified case by race and ethnicity for key diseases in 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures Total and age-standardized health care spending per person by race and ethnicity for each year from 2002 through 2016 by type of care. Objective To estimate, identify, and account for differences in health care spending by race and ethnicity from 2002 through 2016 in the US.ĭesign, Setting, and Participants This exploratory study included data from 7.3 million health system visits, admissions, or prescriptions captured in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2002-2016) and the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (2002-2012), which were combined with the insured population and notified case estimates from the National Health Interview Survey (2002 2016) and health care spending estimates from the Disease Expenditure project (1996-2016).Įxposure Six mutually exclusive self-reported race and ethnicity groups. Importance Measuring health care spending by race and ethnicity is important for understanding patterns in utilization and treatment. Shared Decision Making and Communication.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.
Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.